I had an interesting back-to-the-future moment while leafing through The Economist recently. This concerns location services in the absence of GPS (because GPS can be, and in fact is, jammed).
The idea is to take advantage of the Doppler shift in signals being bounced off of satellites, which currently works with errors of 100m up to more than 1km. One way to obtain greater accuracy is to place a master receiver at a known location to compare the Doppler shifts expected from a satellite’s forecast trajectory with those it actually observes, and broadcast corrections to receivers at unknown locations.
Many, many years ago I worked on a similar system that was used to obtain greater accuracy on GPS location services in the days when the signal used to be degraded for non-military users. In those days, a satellite channel was used to broadcast corrections from a GPS receiver in a known location (I think it was in Aberdeen, if memory serves) out to ships and oil rigs in the North Sea.