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The challenge becomes even more visible when looking at the European Commission’s new Apply AI Strategy, which aims to accelerate AI’s deployment and adoption across Europe’s economy and public sector. As various initiatives encourage the development of increasingly autonomous systems, the number of interactions between software agents, services and physical infrastructure will only grow. Ensuring these interactions remain attributable and verifiable becomes essential for maintaining trust in increasingly automated environments.
On the longer horizon, the inability to reliably attribute and verify autonomous agents’ actions in digital environments will also directly impact democratic cohesion and content moderation. Without ways to identify origin and authority, coordinated manipulation and even interference becomes difficult to detect and contest, and individuals may not be able to verify information presented to them or challenge automated decisions.
That’s why we need new layers of digital trust infrastructure capable of binding actions to identifiable actors and linking events to verifiable context. This means cryptographically anchored identities for AI agents, secure protocols governing interactions between humans and agents, and mechanisms capable of certifying real-world context.
Without these mechanisms, the agentic internet (an emerging part of the internet where AI agents act on users’ behalf) could evolve into an environment where impersonation, unverifiable automation and synthetic evidence become structurally indistinguishable from legitimate actions.
Europe must design and deploy a digital identity infrastructure for AI agents, where they can appear and operate within digital interactions as both identifiable and verifiable actors.
From: AI agents cannot be governed without their own digital identity – CEPS.
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