Snippings

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Dr Francis Wangusi, Director General of the Communications Authority of Kenya, said… “The requirements for opening a bank account were and still are stringent and unfavourable to low income earners”.

From Why M-Pesa is a successful story in Kenya | News24 Nigeria

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Registration was very simple and the costs were cheap. Also unlike traditional banks, there were many access points called “agents” all over the country.

From Why M-Pesa is a successful story in Kenya | News24 Nigeria

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In the UK, the proportion is two-thirds. Here, around 59pc of smartphones run on Android, while another 35pc are iPhones, according to Kantar Worldpanel ComTech, both of which offer m-pay options. Mobile payments are going to be far more ubiquitous than their plastic counterparts, relegating contactless cards to being an offline backup in dire phone battery situations. 

From Contactless cards are on borrowed time – they’re just an interim for phones

Actually, if the smartphones implement the standard properly (Apple don’t) then you should be able to use to your phone to pay even when the battery is dead because the microchips that do the payments get their energy from the electro-magnetic field of the reader, just as the microchips in a contactless card do.

Back in 2014, I wrote about how stupid the idea of making people very their age with credit cards for access to adult content.

Forcing people to give their credit card details out willy-nilly will inevitably leading to an explosion in card fraud,

From Porn is a serious issue, and so is identity | Consult Hyperion

So things like the Ashley Madison data leak were entirely predictable. Entirely predicted, in fact.

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At the seminar Helen said the “The gap between real-world identity and online identity is at the root of [the problem of cyberbullying]”. So let’s close that gap. Not by requiring (and policing) “real” names, but by implementing pseudonymity correctly.

From We can contribute to childhood e-safety | Consult Hyperion

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The idea that permissioned blockchain startups are now up against substantial challenges can be seen in the shifting strategies at startups R3 and Digital Asset Holdings.

Greenspan noted that both are working less on distributed ledgers, and more on “contract description languages”.

From On Blockchain Disillusionment and Bitcoin’s Big Bad Wolves – CoinDesk

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unlike Smart Contract platforms, agreements written using DAML do not need to be shared across multiple, often completely public, nodes in a network. Parties do not need to reveal the terms of their agreement to any undesirable third parties and it can be safely processed and authorized by only the relevant participants. All data is revealed on a need to know basis and even the distributed ledger, which only contains references to the agreement, is encrypted so other entities cannot detect even its existence on the ledger, let alone the terms.

From Introducing the Digital Asset Modeling Language – Digital Asset

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Tencent would want to hope most WeChat users aren’t like Cai Jiami. The 31-year-old hastily transferred the balance in her WeChat “wallet” – roughly 7,000 yuan ($1070) – to her personal bank account before the Tencent-backed mobile messaging app could charge her for doing so. “It’s not a lot of money but I just don’t like to be charged,” Jiami, a wedding planner based in China’s southwestern Chengdu city, told CNBC. “I have Alipay on my phone, which is free and working well. Why would I waste money on WeChat?” From March 1 WeChat will charge users a fee of 0.1 percent when they transfer money from the app’s built-in digital wallet to their personal bank account. According to an announcement by Tencent, the charge will be levied on withdrawals of more than 1,000 yuan ($153), with the minimum fee per transfer set at 0.1 yuan. WeChat also said it would scrap an existing monthly charge on large cash transfers; it currently charges users a 0.1 percent fee on total monthly transfers in excess of 20,000 yuan ($3,058). The new policies are an attempt to cover WeChat’s banking costs, as well as to keep users’ money in the WeChat Wallet, according to analysts.

From Mobile enewsletter

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A trial in the Bay Area involving 50 small businesses and 50  McDonald’s restaurants is allowing Google to hide payments in the background of retail transactions. It’s called Handsfree, it was announced at Google’s developer conference last month, and while this technology is admittedly in its “early days” as Spinnell puts it, it’s indicative of a future we’re heading toward where your identity matters more than your phone.

From Money20/20 Europe: Android Pay Handsfree is Easier Than Tapping

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Future applications of this technology will in all probability not be used to unlock smartphones, thought that cannot be ruled out. The group behind the work sees loads of potential for it when it comes to high-security settings, where a restricted number of authorized users need ultra high-level access.

From Researchers can accurately identify people using their brain waves

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A Scottish Council has given local government workers the power to create fake Facebook accounts, befriend citizens and spy on them for the prevention of “disorder” and “perceived mischief”.

From Local Government Approves ‘Covert’ Spying On Citizen ‘Mischief’

As I am very fond of repeating, yes in cyberspace no-one knows you’re a dog but on the other hand no-one knows you’re from the FBI either.

I happened to be talking about APIs at a client event today, and got involved in a discussion about how the fintechs might begin to work with banks in the new world of PSD2 and mandatory APIs. This has been subject of great interest to me at the recent Money 2020 Europe (with top, top players like Shamir Karkal from BBCA and Alex Mifsud from Ixaris explaining why the move to APIs will mean a big shift in the delivery of banking services) and other recent events. Generally speaking, and this is a sweeping generalisation, I think there has been a shift in European bank thinking in recent times. They well understand that if they do nothing, then in the instant payments, API-centric, PSD2 world they stand to lose significant income. The outsourcing company Accenture, for example…

estimates that the new new breed of payment initiation service providers will erode 33% of online debit card transaction volumes and 10% of online credit card transaction volumes resulting in a total market share of 16% of online retail payment volume by 2020.

From Banks set to lose 43% of retail payments revenue under PSD2

So the Payment Initiation Service Providers (PISPs) stand to capitalise on the new arrangements (if the banks do nothing, of course). What kind of services might they provide? Well, an obvious example is integration with social media. If you look at the use of instant payment applications in the UK (PingIt and PayM) it is far less than the use of, for example, Venmo in the USA. And Venmo doesn’t deliver immediate settlement (it works through the debit card networks). In the last quarter of 2015, Venmo transferred $2.5 billion. In January 2016 alone it transferred $1 billion. So why is it so popular? It’s the integration with social media. Just over half the users are 18-24 and half the payments relate to food and drink sharing! On a US college campus, “I’ll Venmo you” has entered the lexicon. In the UK, “I’ll PingIt you” has not. Paym is growing steadily, but it is still only transferring about £12 million per month.

So now imagine, post-PSD2, a combination of the immediate availability of funds like PingIt and Paym with the social media integration of Venmo. It will be a wholly different payment experience. I’ll give you an obvious example. My wife and some of her friends are planning a weekend break in August. They do this through a Facebook chat group. But when it comes to settling up for hotels and air fares, everyone has to log out, e-mail everyone for their bank details and log in to home banking and set them up as payees, then make the payments. Then everyone else has to log in to their bank accounts to see if the money has arrived and that it is the right amount. In 2018, however, it will all be different. Facebook will be integrated with instant payments through APIs so that it can function as a PISP. When my wife gets a message to say that she owes her friend £100 for her air ticket, or £25 for her share of the dinner, or £10 for the tickets to a show, then she will put money into her return message just as she adds emoticons today. Under the hood, Facebook (which of course knows the bank account of the person you are sending a message to) will initiate an instant payment and within a second or so her friend will get a message to tell that the money has arrived. Remember, Facebook already do this is in the US through debit cards (like Venmo).

It’s not all about payments though. The other category of organisation with direct access to the bank account, the Account Initiation Service Providers (AISPs) also stand to benefit from bank inertia. The row about “screen scraping” in the US adumbrates similar pressure for bank strategies in Europe.

JP Morgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon is incensed about fintech startups like Mint, Acorn and Bloom “scraping” his customers’ data

From Banking App Competition; Why OTT “Skinny Bundles” Fail | AdExchanger

I’m sure his experienced strategists will be quick to reassure him that third-party access to bank accounts (the data is the customers, not the banks, of course) ought to be seen to be an opportunity for JP Morgan Chase to develop some terrific new products and services. The reason why customers of JP Morgan Chase use Mint is because JP Morgan Chase do not provide a suitable, better product for them to use instead. Mr. Dimon, as a champion of free enterprise, would surely object to organisations building walled gardens and using regulatory barriers to defend them. If Facebook or Amazon provide a better financial services app for customers to manage their JP Morgan Chase accounts, then good for them.

In fact, it seems to me, that this is a very likely outcome of rational market evolution. I buy my electricity from whichever supplier offers the best deal for our household. When I change suppliers, I don’t need to change my TV. When I change banks, why should I change my digital wallet if I don’t want to? With a standard API, might personal finance management (PFM) app and my wallet app and my social networks will all access my bank account, whatever my bank. And if I change banks, whatever.

So… what makes sense for banks? Why bother making the wallet or PFM apps? Why not instead provide the best possible API to people who are better at making these apps. Why bother with PingIt and PayM? Why not instead provide the best possible API for PISPs to use. Why bother with fancy applications at all? Why not instead provide the identification and authentication services that all of these other apps will depend on. After all, if I’m going to give Facebook access to my bank account then Facebook need to be pretty sure that it’s actually me and I need to be pretty sure that it’s actually Facebook.