Pix is a phenomenon.
This concentration of power in a central bank is unusual, and has led to criticism. “Now we live in a democracy, but imagine if this existed under an autocracy and all your information was available to the government,” says the head of one prominent fintech company. He thinks citizens in richer countries would balk at the government having Pix’s level of access to all financial transactions. Also, if the system is ever hacked or breaks down, the fallout would be greater than if a single bank were attacked.
From: Brazil’s government-run payments system has become dominant.
This may well be one reason why the Brazilian central bank is so keen on Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
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the Drex Platform is a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) ecosystem, in which regulated financial intermediaries will convert balances of demand deposits and electronic money in Drex, so that their clients have access to various intelligent financial services.
From: Drex – Digital Brazilian Real.
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The system is structured in two instances: wDrex (wholesale Drex), which facilitates interbank transactions and settlements, and rDrex (retail Drex), which enables everyday payments in the form of peer-to-peer transfers. By leveraging blockchain’s efficiency within a secure and regulated framework, Drex aims to reduce transaction costs, foster innovation, and create a more inclusive financial system in Brazil.
From: Lessons from Brazil: Central Banks Fostering Innovation – Wharton Initiative on Financial Policy and Regulation.
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Many CBDCs worldwide are designed primarily to function as digital cash, making payments faster and more efficient. Drex, however, is different. It is built to expand financial inclusion by introducing tokenized assets and smart contracts—two features that could democratize credit access and investment opportunities.
One of the most promising applications of Drex is tokenized lending, which could provide small businesses and individuals with new forms of credit. By allowing assets to be tokenized—whether real estate, government bonds, or other securities—Drex makes it easier for borrowers to access collateralized loans in a more efficient, transparent manner.
At the time fo writing, Drex appears to have hit something of a roadblock with respect to privacy.
A working paper from the Brazlian central bank looked into this in some detail and they found that while a bank’s customers benefit from instant payments there is a corresponding impact on the bank’s’ ability to manage the timing of their
payment flows. The reduced ability to delay and net off of payment flows means bank are more exposed to shocks and therefore they hold a bigger propotion of liquid assets. In effect, banks become “narrower”.