As Juan Pablo Vazquez Sampere pointed out in the Harvard Business Review many years ago, there is no technical reason why the banks need to go through card networks to offer credit services to their customers. Apple could have negotiated with retail banks, just as it did with the recording labels, to launch Apple Pay as a substitute for credit cards, and would be truly disruptive. In fact Apple took a more conservative approach and negotiated with the card networks to bring tokenisation to mobile, which is why you need to tell Apple your credit card number rather than your bank account number, to set up Apple Pay. That merely positioned Apple Pay at the end of the exisiting distribution value chain for cards. But maybe, with open banking spreafing around the world and with access to the NFC interface nailed down (for payments) maybe Apple are a few chess moves ahead.